Outlawry of William of Orange, by Philip II of Spain, inviting his
assassination.
Seizure of Portugal by Philip II.
1581. Conquest of Siberia by the Cossacks. See "COSSACK CONQUEST OF
SIBERIA," x, 181.
Declaration of independence formally issued by the Seven United
Provinces of the Netherlands.
Founding of the University of Edinburgh, Scotland.
1582. Reformation of the calendar by Gregory XIII. October 5th of this
year is made October 15th.
1583. Gilbert takes possession of Newfoundland for Queen Elizabeth. See
"FIRST COLONY OF ENGLAND BEYOND SEAS," x, 198.
Failing in his treacherous attempt on Antwerp the Duke of Anjou retires
into France, covered with disgrace.
1584. Assassination of William, Prince of Orange, at the instigation of
Philip II of Spain. See "ASSASSINATION OF WILLIAM OF ORANGE," x, 202.
Alliance between Philip II and the Catholic League.
Queen Elizabeth dismisses the Spanish ambassador Mendoza.
Having embraced Protestantism the Archbishop of Cologne is expelled his
territories.
Visit of Sir Walter Raleigh's men to South Carolina; the name Virginia
given to the district. See "NAMING OF VIRGINIA: FIRST DESCRIPTION OF THE
INDIANS," x, 211.
1585. Renewal of the war against the Huguenots, the "War of the Three
Henrys."
Capture of Antwerp by Parma; an English army sent to aid the Dutch.
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